Lumber Wikipedia. Timber in storage for later processing at a sawmill. The harbor of Bellingham, Washington, filled with logs, 1. Lumber American English used only in North America or timber used in the rest of the English speaking world is a type of wood that has been processed into beams and planks, a stage in the process of wood production. Lumber may be supplied either rough sawn, or surfaced on one or more of its faces. Besides pulpwood, rough lumber is the raw material for furniture making and other items requiring additional cutting and shaping. It is available in many species, usually hardwoods but it is also readily available in softwoods, such as white pine and red pine, because of their low cost. Finished lumber is supplied in standard sizes, mostly for the construction industry primarily softwood, from coniferous species, including pine, fir and spruce collectively spruce pine fir, cedar, and hemlock, but also some hardwood, for high grade flooring. Lumber is mainly used for structural purposes but has many other uses as well. It is classified more commonly as a softwood than as a hardwood, because 8. TerminologyeditIn Australia, Ireland, New Zealand and Britain, the term timber describes sawn wood products, such as floor boards. Building Wood Steps Outside Diy Shed Tiki Bars Building Wood Steps Outside Assembly Instructions Rubbermaid Shed Framing A Shed Roof With Dormer. Installing Hardwood Floors Parallel To Joists Definition With Images' title='Installing Hardwood Floors Parallel To Joists Definition With Images' />In the United States and Canada, generally timber describes standing or felled trees, before they are milled into boards, which are called lumber. Timber there also describes sawn lumber not less than 5 inches 1. The latter includes the often partly finished lumber used in timber frame construction. In the United Kingdom, the word lumber is rarely used in relation to wood, and timber is almost universally used in its place but lumber has several other meanings in Britain, including unused or unwanted items. Remanufactured lumbereditRemanufactured lumber is the result of secondary or tertiary processingcutting of previously milled lumber. Specifically, it is lumber cut for industrial or wood packaging use. Lumber is cut by ripsaw or resaw to create dimensions that are not usually processed by a primary sawmill. Within and for the purposes of the New York State Department of Labor, this Part rule may be known as Industrial Code Rule No. Protection in. Best Table Service For Disney Dining Plan Floor Plans Small Beach House Shed Roof Best Table Service For Disney Dining Plan Diy Easy Pavilion With Shed Roof Well. Lumber American English used only in North America or timber used in the rest of the English speaking world is a type of wood that has been processed into beams. NBS Reference Specification Ebook download as PDF File. Text File. txt or read book online. Resawing is the splitting of 1 inch through 1. For example, splitting a ten foot 24 into two ten foot 14s is considered resawing. Plastic lumbereditStructural lumber may also be produced from recycled plastic and new plastic stock. Its introduction has been strongly opposed by the forestry industry. Blending fiberglass in plastic lumber enhances its strength, durability, and fire resistance. Plastic fiberglass structural lumber can have a class 1 flame spread rating of 2. ASTM standard E 8. Conversion of wood logseditLogs are converted into timber by being sawn, hewn, or split. Sawing with a rip saw is the most common method, because sawing allows logs of lower quality, with irregular grain and large knots, to be used and is more economical. There are various types of sawing Plain sawn flat sawn, through and through, bastard sawn A log sawn through without adjusting the position of the log and the grain runs across the width of the boards. Quarter sawn and rift sawn These terms have been confused in history but generally mean lumber sawn so the annual rings are reasonably perpendicular to the sides not edges of the lumber. Boxed heart The pith remains within the piece with some allowance for exposure. Heart center the center core of a log. Free of heart center FOHC A side cut timber without any pith. Free of knots FOK No knots are present. Dimensional lumbereditDimensional lumber is lumber that is cut to standardized width and depth, specified in inches. Carpenters extensively use dimensional lumber in framing wooden buildings. Common sizes include 24 pictured also two by four and other variants, such as four by two in Australia, New Zealand, and the UK, 26, and 44. The length of a board is usually specified separately from the width and depth. It is thus possible to find 24s that are four, eight, and twelve feet in length. In Canada and the United States, the standard lengths of lumber are 6, 8, 1. For wall framing, stud or precut sizes are available, and are commonly used. For an eight, nine, or ten foot ceiling height, studs are available in 9. The term stud is used inconsistently to specify length where the exact length matters, one must specify the length explicitly. Historical Chinese constructioneditUnder the prescription of the Method of Construction issued by the Southern Song government in the early 1. Regardless of the actual dimensions of the timber, the ratio between width and height was maintained at 1 1. Units are in Song Dynasty inches 3. Classheightwidthuses. Timber smaller than the 8th class were called unclassed. The width of a timber is referred to as one timber, and the dimensions of other structural components were quoted in multiples of timber thus, as the width of the actual timber varied, the dimensions of other components were easily calculated, without resorting to specific figures for each scale. The dimensions of timbers in similar application show a gradual diminution from the Sui Dyansty 5. Sui was reconstructed as 1. Sui Dynasty inches, or 2. North American softwoodseditSolid dimensional lumber typically is only available up to lengths of 2. Engineered wood products, manufactured by binding the strands, particles, fibers, or veneers of wood, together with adhesives, to form composite materials, offer more flexibility and greater structural strength than typical wood building materials. Pre cut studs save a framer much time, because they are pre cut by the manufacturer for use in 8, 9, and 1. In the Americas, two bys 24s, 26s, 28s, 21. They are the basic building blocks for such common structures as balloon frame or platform frame housing. Dimensional lumber made from softwood is typically used for construction, while hardwood boards are more commonly used for making cabinets or furniture. Lumbers nominal dimensions are larger than the actual standard dimensions of finished lumber. Historically, the nominal dimensions were the size of the green not dried, rough unfinished boards that eventually became smaller finished lumber through drying and planing to smooth the wood. Today, the standards specify the final finished dimensions and the mill cuts the logs to whatever size it needs to achieve those final dimensions. Typically, that rough cut is smaller than the nominal dimensions because modern technology makes it possible and it uses the logs more efficiently. For example, a 24 board historically started out as a green, rough board actually 2 by 4 inches 5. After drying and planing, it would be smaller, by a nonstandard amount. Today, a 24 board starts out as something smaller than 2 inches by 4 inches and not specified by standards, and after drying and planing is reliably 1 12 by 3 12 inches 3. North American softwood dimensional lumber sizes. Nominal. Actual. Nominal. Actual. Nominal. Actual. Nominal. Actual. Nominal. Actualinchesinchesmminchesinchesmminchesinchesmminchesinchesmminchesinchesmm. Early standards called for green rough lumber to be of full nominal dimension when dry. Active Directory Properties Vb Net Private. However, the dimensions have diminished over time. In 1. 91. 0, a typical finished 1 inch 2. In 1. 92. 8, that was reduced by 4, and yet again by 4 in 1. In 1. 96. 1, at a meeting in Scottsdale, Arizona, the Committee on Grade Simplification and Standardization agreed to what is now the current U.